![]() We find that the share of startups focused on data analytics, social platforms, and financial transfers, and time management has risen, while an opposite trend is observed for mobile gaming, online news, and online social networks as well as legal and professional services. We propose a novel classification of more than 250 thousand startups registered in the Crunchbase database based on machine learning algorithms and free from expert bias. Finally, we compare our classification to the one existing in the Crunchbase database, demonstrating how we improve it. Furthermore, we explore which pairs of topics tend to co-occur more often together, quantify how multisectoral the startups are, and which startup classes attract more investments. ![]() For example, sustainable agriculture is presented stronger in South America and Africa, while pharmaceutics, in North America and Europe. We also identify strong regional differences in topic distribution, suggesting certain concentration of the startups. Taking the year of establishment and geographical location of the startups into account, we measure which topics were increasing or decreasing their share over time, and which of them were predominantly present in Europe, North America, or other regions. We propose a novel classification of startup companies free from expert bias that contains 38 topics and quantifies the weight of each of these topics for all the startups. We analyze the 2009–2019 period by using topic modeling. In this paper, we explore textual descriptions of more than 250 thousand startups in the Crunchbase database. The book further contains summary tables of the academic research carried out over the past three decades across the private equity landscape including: the returns to investors, economic performance, impact on R&D and employees, and the longevity and life-cycle of private equity backed deals.To foresee global economic trends, one needs to understand the present startup companies that soon may become new market leaders. The main part of the work concludes with an up-to-date discussion by the authors, informed commentators on the key issues in the lively debate about private equity. The various themes from the systematic academic evidence are highlighted in numerous summary vignettes placed alongside the text that discuss the practical aspects. Written in a highly accessible style, the book takes the reader through what private equity means, the different actors involved, and issues concerning sourcing, checking out, valuing, and structuring deals. ![]() The book provides a unique and authoritative source from a leading practitioner and academic for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers that explains in detail what private equity involves and reviews systematic evidence of what the impact of private equity has been. Here, John Gilligan and Mike Wright dispel some of the biggest myths and misconceptions about private equity. Although it has often been criticized in the public mind as being short termist and having adverse consequences for employment, in reality this is far from the case. This book deals with risk capital provided for established firms outside the stock market, private equity, which has grown rapidly over the last three decades, yet is largely poorly understood.
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